History of the mechanical keyboard
From typewriter to computer keyboard
The journey of the mechanical keyboard began with the first mechanical typewriters in the 19th century. Inventors such as Christopher Latham Sholes created the QWERTY layout that is still widely used today. When personal computers emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, the keyboard became the primary input device, inheriting many features from the typewriter. This period saw the introduction of electronic keyboards such as the IBM Model F (1981) and Model M (1984), which are considered the forerunners of the modern mechanical keyboard.The birth of the modern mechanical keyboard
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, rubber membrane keyboards became popular due to their low manufacturing costs. However, many users still preferred the typing feel of mechanical keyboards. This led to a resurgence of mechanical keyboards in the early 2000s, with brands like Das Keyboard and Filco emerging. In 2008, Cherry introduced the MX switch series, revolutionizing the mechanical keyboard industry. The variety of MX switches allowed for a custom typing experience, marking a major turning point in the history of development.
Since then, the mechanical keyboard market has grown exponentially with the emergence of many new manufacturers, unique designs, and advanced technology. This development has not only been limited to hardware, but has also expanded to the software field, allowing users to customize layouts, macros, and lighting as desired. Today, mechanical keyboards are no longer a tool reserved for gamers or programmers, but have become part of the technology culture, attracting the attention of many users from many different fields.
The importance of a mechanical keyboard guide for beginners
For those new to the world of mechanical keyboards, a detailed and reliable guide is an indispensable tool. A mechanical keyboard guide acts as a compass, helping users navigate the maze of technical jargon, diverse options, and nearly endless customization possibilities. It not only helps beginners understand the structure and operating principles of mechanical keyboards, but also equips them with the knowledge needed to make smart purchasing decisions that suit their needs and budget. Furthermore, a comprehensive guide opens the door to exploring the culture and community of mechanical keyboard enthusiasts, where creativity and innovation are constantly taking place.
Anatomy of a mechanical keyboard - Basic mechanical keyboard guide
Switches - The soul of a mechanical keyboard
Switches are the most important component of a mechanical keyboard, determining the feel and sound when typing. Each key on a mechanical keyboard has a separate switch. The basic structure of a switch includes a spring, stem, and housing. When the user presses a key, the stem moves down, activating an electrical signal and creating tactile feedback. There are three main types of switches:- Linear: Provides a smooth feel, with no obvious impact point.
- Tactile: Has a small "jump" when pressed, creating clear feedback.
- Clicky: Similar to tactile but with a characteristic clicking sound.
Keycaps - Art at your fingertips
Keycaps are the outer shell of the keys, playing an important role in aesthetics and user experience. They are made from different materials such as ABS, PBT, or even metal. Each material provides a different feel and durability. Keycaps come in many profile types such as OEM, Cherry, SA, DSA, each of which creates a different tilt angle and height for the key rows. This directly affects the typing posture and overall feel. In addition, keycaps are also a way for users to express their personality through unique colors, patterns, and themes.PCB and plate - The backbone of the keyboard
PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is the electronic circuit responsible for processing signals from switches and transmitting them to the computer. It determines the layout of the keyboard and features such as hot-swap (the ability to change switches without soldering), RGB, and programmability. The plate is a metal or plastic plate that sits between the PCB and the switches, helping to stabilize the switches and create a solid typing feel. The material of the plate (aluminum, brass, carbon fiber, etc.) affects the sound and stiffness when typing.Case - Impressive appearance
The case is the outermost shell of the keyboard, protecting the internal components and largely determining the appearance of the keyboard. The case can be made of plastic, metal, or wood, each providing a different weight, feel, and sound. The design of the case also affects the tilt angle of the keyboard, which can be flat or have adjustable feet. Some high-end cases also integrate features such as shock-absorbing cushions, sound absorption, or even LED screens that display information. In the mechanical keyboard guide, understanding each of these components helps users have a comprehensive view of the structure of a mechanical keyboard, thereby being able to make informed decisions when choosing or customizing their keyboard.
Switches classification in mechanical keyboard guide
Linear - Smooth as silk
Linear switches are designed to provide a smooth and seamless typing experience. When pressing a key, the user will feel a steady force from the beginning to the end of the journey, without any obvious hits or feedback points. This makes linear switches ideal for fast typists or gamers who spam the keys continuously. Some popular examples of linear switches include Cherry MX Red, Gateron Yellow, and Alpaca. Each has its own characteristic actuation force, with Cherry MX Red being light at 45g, while Gateron Yellow has an average actuation force of around 50g.Tactile - Clear feedback
Tactile switches are characterized by a small "jump" or hit point in the keystroke travel. This point usually occurs just before the switch is activated, providing clear tactile feedback to the user. Tactile switches are often favored by heavy typists, allowing them to confirm that a key has been pressed without looking at the screen. Popular examples of tactile switches include Cherry MX Brown, Zealios V2, and Holy Panda. Cherry MX Brown has a slight tactile bump, while Zealios V2 and Holy Panda offer a stronger tactile feel.Clicky - Distinctive sound
Clicky switches combine the tactile feedback of tactile switches with an audible click each time a key is actuated. This sound is produced by a separate mechanism within the switch, typically a small “click bar.” Clicky switches provide a crisp and enjoyable typing experience, but can be noisy in shared work environments. Cherry MX Blue is one of the most popular clicky switches, with a crisp click sound and clear tactile feedback. Other options include Kailh Box White and NovelKeys x Kailh Speed Navy.Compare and choose the right switch
Choosing the right switch depends on many factors, including intended use, personal preference, and work environment. In the mechanical keyboard guide, there are a few points to consider:- Actuation force: Light switches (45g-55g) are suitable for long typing or gaming, while heavier switches (60g-80g) can help reduce typing errors.
- Feedback: If you need confirmation that a key has been pressed, tactile or clicky switches may be a good choice. If you prioritize smoothness, linear switches are more suitable.
- Sound: In quiet environments, clicky switches can be annoying. Linear or tactile switches are usually a safer choice.
- Speed: For gaming, linear switches are often preferred due to their fast actuation and easy key spamming.
- Hands-on experience: If possible, test out different types of switches before deciding. Many retailers offer switch testers for customers to try out.
Ultimately, choosing a switch is a personal decision. There is no “best” switch for everyone, and exploring different options is part of the fun of learning about mechanical keyboards.
Size and layout - Customize to your needs
Full-size - Full functionality
A full-size keyboard is a traditional layout, including full function keys, numeric keys and navigation keys. Usually it has 104 or 105 keys, depending on the region. The main advantage of this layout is versatility and familiarity. Features:- Suitable for people working with data or accounting
- Has full function keys and multimedia keys
- Takes up a lot of space on the desk
- Can cause shoulder fatigue due to the long distance between the keyboard and mouse
TKL (Tenkeyless) - Compact and efficient
TKL is a compact version of full-size, eliminating the numeric keypad on the right. Usually it has 87 or 88 keys. This layout provides a balance between functionality and compact size. Features:- Saves space on the desk
- Reduces hand movement distance between keyboard and mouse
- Retains function keys and navigation keys
- Suitable for people who rarely use the numeric keypad
60% and smaller layouts - Maximum compactness
The 60% layout only retains the most basic keys, usually around 61 keys. The remaining keys are integrated through key layers and key combinations. Features:- Extremely compact, easy to move
- Requires time to get used to using layers
- Suitable for people who move a lot or have limited workspace
- Highly customizable with firmware like QMK
Ergonomic - User health care
Ergonomic keyboards are designed with the goal of minimizing stress and fatigue on muscles and joints when used for a long time. There are many different types of ergonomic designs. Features:- Split design: Divides the keyboard into two halves, allowing for adjustment of the hand angle
- Negative tilt: Helps the wrist position to be more natural
- Contoured keys: Suitable for different finger lengths
- May include features such as wrist rests, height adjustment
In the mechanical keyboard guide, choosing the right layout plays an important role in the user experience. Users should carefully consider their needs, workspace and comfort level when choosing. Many people even own multiple keyboards with different layouts to serve different purposes.
